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时序图

Sequence Diagram

简单示例

你可以用->来绘制参与者之间传递的消息，而不必显式地声明参与者。

你也可以使用 --> 绘制一个虚线箭头。

另外，你还能用 <- 和 <--，这不影响绘图，但可以提高可读性。注意：仅适用于时序图，对于其它示意图，规则是不同的。

@startuml
用户 -> 认证中心: 登录操作
认证中心 -> 缓存: 存放(key=token+ip,value=token)token

用户 <- 认证中心 : 认证成功返回token
用户 -> 认证中心: 下次访问头部携带token认证
认证中心 <- 缓存: key=token+ip获取token
其他服务 <- 认证中心: 存在且校验成功则跳转到用户请求的其他服务
其他服务 -> 用户: 信息
@enduml

Basic examples

The sequence -> is used to draw a message between two participants. Participants do not have to be explicitly declared.

To have a dotted arrow, you use -->

It is also possible to use <- and <--. That does not change the drawing, but may improve readability. Note that this is only true for sequence diagrams, rules are different for the other diagrams.

@startuml
Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response

Alice -> Bob: Another authentication Request
Alice <-- Bob: Another authentication Response
@enduml

声明参与者

关键字 participant 用于改变参与者的先后顺序。

你也可以使用其它关键字来声明参与者：

actor
boundary
control
entity
database
collections

@startuml
actor Foo1
boundary Foo2
control Foo3
entity Foo4
database Foo5
collections Foo6
Foo1 -> Foo2 : To boundary
Foo1 -> Foo3 : To control
Foo1 -> Foo4 : To entity
Foo1 -> Foo5 : To database
Foo1 -> Foo6 : To collections

@enduml

关键字 as 用于重命名参与者

你可以使用RGB值或者颜色名修改 actor 或参与者的背景颜色。

@startuml
actor Bob #red
' The only difference between actor
'and participant is the drawing
participant Alice
participant "I have a really\nlong name" as L #99FF99
/' You can also declare:
   participant L as "I have a really\nlong name"  #99FF99
  '/

Alice->Bob: Authentication Request
Bob->Alice: Authentication Response
Bob->L: Log transaction
@enduml

您可以使用关键字 order自定义顺序来打印参与者。

@startuml
participant Last order 30
participant Middle order 20
participant First order 10
@enduml

WARNING

This translation need to be updated.

WARNING

Declaring participant

If the keyword participant is used to declare a participant, more control on that participant is possible.

The order of declaration will be the (default) order of display.

Using these other keywords to declare participants will change the shape of the participant representation:

actor
boundary
control
entity
database
collections
queue

@startuml
participant participant as Foo
actor       actor       as Foo1
boundary    boundary    as Foo2
control     control     as Foo3
entity      entity      as Foo4
database    database    as Foo5
collections collections as Foo6
queue       queue       as Foo7
Foo -> Foo1 : To actor 
Foo -> Foo2 : To boundary
Foo -> Foo3 : To control
Foo -> Foo4 : To entity
Foo -> Foo5 : To database
Foo -> Foo6 : To collections
Foo -> Foo7: To queue
@enduml

Rename a participant using the as keyword.

You can also change the background color of actor or participant.

@startuml
actor Bob #red
' The only difference between actor
'and participant is the drawing
participant Alice
participant "I have a really\nlong name" as L #99FF99
/' You can also declare:
   participant L as "I have a really\nlong name"  #99FF99
  '/

Alice->Bob: Authentication Request
Bob->Alice: Authentication Response
Bob->L: Log transaction
@enduml

You can use the order keyword to customize the display order of participants.

@startuml
participant Last order 30
participant Middle order 20
participant First order 10
@enduml

在参与者中使用非字母符号

你可以使用引号定义参与者，还可以用关键字 as 给参与者定义别名。

@startuml
Alice -> "Bob()" : Hello
"Bob()" -> "This is very\nlong" as Long
' You can also declare:
' "Bob()" -> Long as "This is very\nlong"
Long --> "Bob()" : ok
@enduml

Use non-letters in participants

You can use quotes to define participants. And you can use the as keyword to give an alias to those participants.

@startuml
Alice -> "Bob()" : Hello
"Bob()" -> "This is very\nlong" as Long
' You can also declare:
' "Bob()" -> Long as "This is very\nlong"
Long --> "Bob()" : ok
@enduml

给自己发消息

参与者可以给自己发信息，

消息文字可以用\n来换行。

@startuml
Alice->Alice: This is a signal to self.\nIt also demonstrates\nmultiline \ntext
@enduml

Message to Self

A participant can send a message to itself.

It is also possible to have multi-line using \n.

@startuml
Alice->Alice: This is a signal to self.\nIt also demonstrates\nmultiline \ntext
@enduml

Text alignment

Text of response message below the arrow

You can put the text of the response message below the arrow, with the skinparam responseMessageBelowArrow true command.

@startuml
skinparam responseMessageBelowArrow true
Bob -> Alice : hello
Alice -> Bob : ok
@enduml

TODO

Link to Text Alignment on skinparam page.

修改箭头样式

修改箭头样式的方式有以下几种:

表示一条丢失的消息：末尾加 x
让箭头只有上半部分或者下半部分：将<和>替换成\或者 /
细箭头：将箭头标记写两次 (如 >> 或 //)
虚线箭头：用 -- 替代 -
箭头末尾加圈：->o
双向箭头：<->

@startuml
Bob ->x Alice
Bob -> Alice
Bob ->> Alice
Bob -\ Alice
Bob \\- Alice
Bob //-- Alice

Bob ->o Alice
Bob o\\-- Alice

Bob <-> Alice
Bob <->o Alice
@enduml

Change arrow style

You can change arrow style by several ways:

add a final x to denote a lost message
use \ or / instead of < or > to have only the bottom or top part of the arrow
repeat the arrow head (for example, >> or //) head to have a thin drawing
use -- instead of - to have a dotted arrow
add a final "o" at arrow head
use bidirectional arrow <->

@startuml
Bob ->x Alice
Bob -> Alice
Bob ->> Alice
Bob -\ Alice
Bob \\- Alice
Bob //-- Alice

Bob ->o Alice
Bob o\\-- Alice

Bob <-> Alice
Bob <->o Alice
@enduml

修改箭头颜色

你可以用以下记号修改箭头的颜色：

@startuml
Bob -[#red]> Alice : hello
Alice -[#0000FF]->Bob : ok
@enduml

Change arrow color

You can change the color of individual arrows using the following notation:

@startuml
Bob -[#red]> Alice : hello
Alice -[#0000FF]->Bob : ok
@enduml

对消息序列编号

关键字 autonumber 用于自动对消息编号。

@startuml
autonumber
Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response
@enduml

语句 autonumber //start// 用于指定编号的初始值，而 autonumber //start// //increment// 可以同时指定编号的初始值和每次增加的值。

@startuml
autonumber
Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response

autonumber 15
Bob -> Alice : Another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Another authentication Response

autonumber 40 10
Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response

@enduml

你可以在双引号内指定编号的格式。

格式是由 Java 的DecimalFormat类实现的： (0 表示数字；# 也表示数字，但默认为0)。

你也可以用 HTML 标签来制定格式。

@startuml
autonumber "<b>[000]"
Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response

autonumber 15 "<b>(<u>##</u>)"
Bob -> Alice : Another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Another authentication Response

autonumber 40 10 "<font color=red><b>Message 0  "
Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response

@enduml

你还可以用语句 autonumber stop 和 autonumber resume //increment// //format// 来表示暂停或继续使用自动编号。

@startuml
autonumber 10 10 "<b>[000]"
Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response

autonumber stop
Bob -> Alice : dummy

autonumber resume "<font color=red><b>Message 0  "
Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response

autonumber stop
Bob -> Alice : dummy

autonumber resume 1 "<font color=blue><b>Message 0  "
Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response
@enduml

Message sequence numbering

The keyword autonumber is used to automatically add number to messages.

@startuml
autonumber
Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response
@enduml

You can specify a startnumber with autonumber //start// , and also an increment with autonumber //start// //increment//.

@startuml
autonumber
Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response

autonumber 15
Bob -> Alice : Another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Another authentication Response

autonumber 40 10
Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response

@enduml

You can specify a format for your number by using between double-quote.

The formatting is done with the Java class DecimalFormat (0 means digit, # means digit and zero if absent).

You can use some html tag in the format.

@startuml
autonumber "<b>[000]"
Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response

autonumber 15 "<b>(<u>##</u>)"
Bob -> Alice : Another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Another authentication Response

autonumber 40 10 "<font color=red><b>Message 0  "
Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response

@enduml

You can also use autonumber stop and autonumber resume //increment// //format// to respectively pause and resume automatic numbering.

@startuml
autonumber 10 10 "<b>[000]"
Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response

autonumber stop
Bob -> Alice : dummy

autonumber resume "<font color=red><b>Message 0  "
Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response

autonumber stop
Bob -> Alice : dummy

autonumber resume 1 "<font color=blue><b>Message 0  "
Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response
@enduml

页面标题,页眉,页脚

使用title关键词增加标题
使用header关键词增加页眉
使用footer关键词增加页脚

@startuml

header Page Header
footer Page %page% of %lastpage%

title Example Title

Alice -> Bob : message 1
Alice -> Bob : message 2

@enduml

Page Title, Header and Footer

The title keyword is used to add a title to the page.

Pages can display headers and footers using header and footer.

@startuml

header Page Header
footer Page %page% of %lastpage%

title Example Title

Alice -> Bob : message 1
Alice -> Bob : message 2

@enduml

分割示意图

关键字 newpage 用于把一张图分割成多张。

在 newpage 之后添加文字，作为新的示意图的标题。

这样就能很方便地在 Word 中将长图分几页打印。

@startuml

Alice -> Bob : message 1
Alice -> Bob : message 2

newpage

Alice -> Bob : message 3
Alice -> Bob : message 4

newpage A title for the\nlast page

Alice -> Bob : message 5
Alice -> Bob : message 6
@enduml

Splitting diagrams

The newpage keyword is used to split a diagram into several images.

You can put a title for the new page just after the newpage keyword. This title overrides the previously specified title if any.

This is very handy with Word to print long diagram on several pages.

(Note: this really does work. Only the first page is shown below, but it is a display artifact.)

@startuml

Alice -> Bob : message 1
Alice -> Bob : message 2

newpage

Alice -> Bob : message 3
Alice -> Bob : message 4

newpage A title for the\nlast page

Alice -> Bob : message 5
Alice -> Bob : message 6
@enduml

组合消息

我们可以通过以下关键词将组合消息：

alt/else
opt
loop
par
break
critical
group, 后面紧跟着消息内容

可以在标头(header)添加需要显示的文字(group除外)。

关键词 end 用来结束分组。

注意，分组可以嵌套使用。

@startuml
Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request

alt successful case

    Bob -> Alice: Authentication Accepted

else some kind of failure

    Bob -> Alice: Authentication Failure
    group My own label
    Alice -> Log : Log attack start
        loop 1000 times
            Alice -> Bob: DNS Attack
        end
    Alice -> Log : Log attack end
    end

else Another type of failure

   Bob -> Alice: Please repeat

end
@enduml

WARNING

This translation need to be updated.

WARNING

Grouping message

It is possible to group messages together using the following keywords:

alt/else
opt
loop
par
break
critical
group, followed by a text to be displayed

It is possible to add a text that will be displayed into the header (for group, see next paragraph 'Secondary group label').

The end keyword is used to close the group.

Note that it is possible to nest groups.

@startuml
Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request

alt successful case

    Bob -> Alice: Authentication Accepted

else some kind of failure

    Bob -> Alice: Authentication Failure
    group My own label
    Alice -> Log : Log attack start
        loop 1000 times
            Alice -> Bob: DNS Attack
        end
    Alice -> Log : Log attack end
    end

else Another type of failure

   Bob -> Alice: Please repeat

end
@enduml

Secondary group label

For group, it is possible to add, between[ and ], a secondary text or label that will be displayed into the header.

@startuml
Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob -> Alice: Authentication Failure
group My own label [My own label 2]
    Alice -> Log : Log attack start
    loop 1000 times
        Alice -> Bob: DNS Attack
    end
    Alice -> Log : Log attack end
end
@enduml

[Ref. QA-2503]

给消息添加注释

我们可以通过在消息后面添加 note left 或者 note right 关键词来给消息添加注释。

你也可以通过使用 end note 来添加多行注释。

@startuml
Alice->Bob : hello
note left: this is a first note

Bob->Alice : ok
note right: this is another note

Bob->Bob : I am thinking
note left
a note
can also be defined
on several lines
end note
@enduml

Notes on messages

It is possible to put notes on message using the note left or note right keywords just after the message.

You can have a multi-line note using the end note keywords.

@startuml
Alice->Bob : hello
note left: this is a first note

Bob->Alice : ok
note right: this is another note

Bob->Bob : I am thinking
note left
a note
can also be defined
on several lines
end note
@enduml

其他的注释

可以使用note left of，note right of或note over在节点(participant)的相对位置放置注释。

还可以通过修改背景色来高亮显示注释。

以及使用关键字end note来添加多行注释。

@startuml
participant Alice
participant Bob
note left of Alice #aqua
This is displayed
left of Alice.
end note

note right of Alice: This is displayed right of Alice.

note over Alice: This is displayed over Alice.

note over Alice, Bob #FFAAAA: This is displayed\n over Bob and Alice.

note over Bob, Alice
This is yet another
example of
a long note.
end note
@enduml

Some other notes

It is also possible to place notes relative to participant with note left of , note right of or note over keywords.

It is possible to highlight a note by changing its background color.

You can also have a multi-line note using the end note keywords.

@startuml
participant Alice
participant Bob
note left of Alice #aqua
This is displayed
left of Alice.
end note

note right of Alice: This is displayed right of Alice.

note over Alice: This is displayed over Alice.

note over Alice, Bob #FFAAAA: This is displayed\n over Bob and Alice.

note over Bob, Alice
This is yet another
example of
a long note.
end note
@enduml

改变备注框的形状

你可以使用 hnote 和 rnote 这两个关键字来修改备注框的形状。

@startuml
caller -> server : conReq
hnote over caller : idle
caller <- server : conConf
rnote over server
 "r" as rectangle
 "h" as hexagon
endrnote
@enduml

Changing notes shape

You can use hnote and rnote keywords to change note shapes.

@startuml
caller -> server : conReq
hnote over caller : idle
caller <- server : conConf
rnote over server
 "r" as rectangle
 "h" as hexagon
endrnote
@enduml

Creole和HTML

可以使用creole格式。

@startuml
participant Alice
participant "The **Famous** Bob" as Bob

Alice -> Bob : hello --there--
... Some ~~long delay~~ ...
Bob -> Alice : ok
note left
  This is **bold**
  This is //italics//
  This is ""monospaced""
  This is --stroked--
  This is __underlined__
  This is ~~waved~~
end note

Alice -> Bob : A //well formatted// message
note right of Alice
 This is <back:cadetblue><size:18>displayed</size></back>
 __left of__ Alice.
end note
note left of Bob
 <u:red>This</u> is <color #118888>displayed</color>
 **<color purple>left of</color> <s:red>Alice</strike> Bob**.
end note
note over Alice, Bob
 <w:#FF33FF>This is hosted</w> by <img sourceforge.jpg>
end note
@enduml

Creole and HTML

It is also possible to use creole formatting:

@startuml
participant Alice
participant "The **Famous** Bob" as Bob

Alice -> Bob : hello --there--
... Some ~~long delay~~ ...
Bob -> Alice : ok
note left
  This is **bold**
  This is //italics//
  This is ""monospaced""
  This is --stroked--
  This is __underlined__
  This is ~~waved~~
end note

Alice -> Bob : A //well formatted// message
note right of Alice
 This is <back:cadetblue><size:18>displayed</size></back>
 __left of__ Alice.
end note
note left of Bob
 <u:red>This</u> is <color #118888>displayed</color>
 **<color purple>left of</color> <s:red>Alice</strike> Bob**.
end note
note over Alice, Bob
 <w:#FF33FF>This is hosted</w> by <img sourceforge.jpg>
end note
@enduml

分隔符

你可以通过使用 == 关键词来将你的图表分割多个步骤。

@startuml

== 标本核收录入阶段 ==

Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response

== Repetition ==

Alice -> Bob: Another authentication Request
Alice <-- Bob: another authentication Response

@enduml

WARNING

This translation need to be updated.

WARNING

Divider or separator

If you want, you can split a diagram using == separator to divide your diagram into logical steps.

@startuml

== Initialization ==

Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response

== Repetition ==

Alice -> Bob: Another authentication Request
Alice <-- Bob: another authentication Response

@enduml

引用

你可以在图中通过使用ref over关键词来实现引用

@startuml
participant Alice
actor Bob

ref over Alice, Bob : init

Alice -> Bob : hello

ref over Bob
  This can be on
  several lines
end ref
@enduml

Reference

You can use reference in a diagram, using the keyword ref over.

@startuml
participant Alice
actor Bob

ref over Alice, Bob : init

Alice -> Bob : hello

ref over Bob
  This can be on
  several lines
end ref
@enduml

延迟

你可以使用...来表示延迟，并且还可以给延迟添加注释。

@startuml

Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
...
Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response
...5 minutes latter...
Bob --> Alice: Bye !

@enduml

Delay

You can use ... to indicate a delay in the diagram. And it is also possible to put a message with this delay.

@startuml

Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
...
Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response
...5 minutes later...
Bob --> Alice: Good Bye !

@enduml

Text wrapping

To break long messages, you can manually add \n in your text.

Another option is to use maxMessageSize setting:

@startuml
skinparam maxMessageSize 50
participant a
participant b
a -> b :this\nis\nmanually\ndone
a -> b :this is a very long message on several words
@enduml

空间

你可以使用|||来增加空间。

还可以使用数字指定增加的像素的数量。

@startuml

Alice -> Bob: message 1
Bob --> Alice: ok
|||
Alice -> Bob: message 2
Bob --> Alice: ok
||45||
Alice -> Bob: message 3
Bob --> Alice: ok

@enduml

Space

You can use ||| to indicate some spacing in the diagram.

It is also possible to specify a number of pixel to be used.

@startuml

Alice -> Bob: message 1
Bob --> Alice: ok
|||
Alice -> Bob: message 2
Bob --> Alice: ok
||45||
Alice -> Bob: message 3
Bob --> Alice: ok

@enduml

生命线的激活与撤销

关键字activate和deactivate用来表示参与者的生命活动。

一旦参与者被激活，它的生命线就会显示出来。

activate和deactivate适用于以上情形。

destroy表示一个参与者的生命线的终结。

@startuml
participant User

User -> A: DoWork
activate A

A -> B: << createRequest >>
activate B

B -> C: DoWork
activate C
C --> B: WorkDone
destroy C

B --> A: RequestCreated
deactivate B

A -> User: Done
deactivate A

@enduml

还可以使用嵌套的生命线，并且运行给生命线添加颜色。

@startuml
participant User

User -> A: DoWork
activate A #FFBBBB

A -> A: Internal call
activate A #DarkSalmon

A -> B: << createRequest >>
activate B

B --> A: RequestCreated
deactivate B
deactivate A
A -> User: Done
deactivate A

@enduml

Lifeline Activation and Destruction

The activate and deactivate are used to denote participant activation.

Once a participant is activated, its lifeline appears.

The activate and deactivate apply on the previous message.

The destroy denote the end of the lifeline of a participant.

@startuml
participant User

User -> A: DoWork
activate A

A -> B: << createRequest >>
activate B

B -> C: DoWork
activate C
C --> B: WorkDone
destroy C

B --> A: RequestCreated
deactivate B

A -> User: Done
deactivate A

@enduml

Nested lifeline can be used, and it is possible to add a color on the lifeline.

@startuml
participant User

User -> A: DoWork
activate A #FFBBBB

A -> A: Internal call
activate A #DarkSalmon

A -> B: << createRequest >>
activate B

B --> A: RequestCreated
deactivate B
deactivate A
A -> User: Done
deactivate A

@enduml

Autoactivation is possible and works with the return keywords:

@startuml
autoactivate on
alice -> bob : hello
bob -> bob : self call
bill -> bob #005500 : hello from thread 2
bob -> george ** : create
return done in thread 2
return rc
bob -> george !! : delete
return success

@enduml

Return

A new command return for generating a return message with optional text label. The point returned to is the point that cause the most recently activated life-line. The syntax is simply return label where label, if provided, can be any string acceptable on conventional messages.

@startuml
Bob -> Alice : hello
activate Alice
Alice -> Alice : some action
return bye
@enduml

Return

Command return generates a return message with optional text label.

The return point is that which caused the most recent life-line activation.

The syntax is return label where label if provided is any string acceptable for conventional messages.

@startuml
Bob -> Alice : hello
activate Alice
Alice -> Alice : some action
return bye
@enduml

创建参与者

你可以把关键字create放在第一次接收到消息之前，以强调本次消息实际上是在创建新的对象。

@startuml
Bob -> Alice : hello

create Other
Alice -> Other : new

create control String
Alice -> String
note right : You can also put notes!

Alice --> Bob : ok

@enduml

Participant creation

You can use the create keyword just before the first reception of a message to emphasize the fact that this message is actually creating this new object.

@startuml
Bob -> Alice : hello

create Other
Alice -> Other : new

create control String
Alice -> String
note right : You can also put notes!

Alice --> Bob : ok

@enduml

Shortcut syntax for activation, deactivation, creation

Immediately after specifying the target participant, the following syntax can be used:

++ Activate the target (optionally a #color may follow this)
-- Deactivate the source
** Create an instance of the target
!! Destroy an instance of the target

@startuml
alice -> bob ++ : hello
bob -> bob ++ : self call
bob -> bib ++  #005500 : hello
bob -> george ** : create
return done
return rc
bob -> george !! : delete
return success
@enduml

Shortcut syntax for activation, deactivation, creation

Immediately after specifying the target participant, the following syntax can be used:

++ Activate the target (optionally a #color may follow this)
-- Deactivate the source
** Create an instance of the target
!! Destroy an instance of the target

@startuml
alice -> bob ++ : hello
bob -> bob ++ : self call
bob -> bib ++  #005500 : hello
bob -> george ** : create
return done
return rc
bob -> george !! : delete
return success
@enduml

进入和发出消息

如果只想关注部分图示，你可以使用进入和发出箭头。

使用方括号[和]表示图示的左、右两侧。

@startuml
[-> A: DoWork

activate A

A -> A: Internal call
activate A

A ->] : << createRequest >>

A<--] : RequestCreated
deactivate A
[<- A: Done
deactivate A
@enduml

还可以使用下面的语法:

@startuml
[-> Bob
[o-> Bob
[o->o Bob
[x-> Bob

[<- Bob
[x<- Bob

Bob ->]
Bob ->o]
Bob o->o]
Bob ->x]

Bob <-]
Bob x<-]
@enduml

WARNING

This translation need to be updated.

WARNING

Incoming and outgoing messages

You can use incoming or outgoing arrows if you want to focus on a part of the diagram.

Use square brackets to denote the left "[" or the right "]" side of the diagram.

@startuml
[-> A: DoWork

activate A

A -> A: Internal call
activate A

A ->] : << createRequest >>

A<--] : RequestCreated
deactivate A
[<- A: Done
deactivate A
@enduml

You can also have the following syntax:

@startuml
participant Alice
participant Bob #lightblue
Alice -> Bob
Bob -> Carol
...
[-> Bob
[o-> Bob
[o->o Bob
[x-> Bob
...
[<- Bob
[x<- Bob
...
Bob ->]
Bob ->o]
Bob o->o]
Bob ->x]
...
Bob <-]
Bob x<-]

@enduml

Short arrows for incoming and outgoing messages

You can have short arrows with using ?.

@startuml
?-> Alice    : ""?->""\n**short** to actor1
[-> Alice    : ""[->""\n**from start** to actor1
[-> Bob      : ""[->""\n**from start** to actor2
?-> Bob      : ""?->""\n**short** to actor2
Alice ->]    : ""->]""\nfrom actor1 **to end**
Alice ->?    : ""->?""\n**short** from actor1
Alice -> Bob : ""->"" \nfrom actor1 to actor2
@enduml

[Ref. QA-310]

Anchors and Duration

With teoz usage it is possible to add anchors to the diagram and use the anchors to specify duration time.

@startuml
!pragma teoz true

{start} Alice -> Bob : start doing things during duration
Bob -> Max : something
Max -> Bob : something else
{end} Bob -> Alice : finish

{start} <-> {end} : some time

@enduml

构造类型和圈点

可以使用<<和>>给参与者添加构造类型。

在构造类型中，你可以使用(X,color)格式的语法添加一个圆圈圈起来的字符。

@startuml

participant "Famous Bob" as Bob << Generated >>
participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) Testable >>

Bob->Alice: First message

@enduml

默认使用 guillemet 字符来显示构造类型。你可以使用外观参数 guillemet 来修改显示行为。

@startuml

skinparam guillemet false
participant "Famous Bob" as Bob << Generated >>
participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) Testable >>

Bob->Alice: First message

@enduml

@startuml

participant Bob << (C,#ADD1B2) >>
participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) >>

Bob->Alice: First message

@enduml

Stereotypes and Spots

It is possible to add stereotypes to participants using << and >>.

In the stereotype, you can add a spotted character in a colored circle using the syntax (X,color).

@startuml

participant "Famous Bob" as Bob << Generated >>
participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) Testable >>

Bob->Alice: First message

@enduml

By default, the guillemet character is used to display the stereotype. You can change this behavious using the skinparam guillemet:

@startuml

skinparam guillemet false
participant "Famous Bob" as Bob << Generated >>
participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) Testable >>

Bob->Alice: First message

@enduml

@startuml

participant Bob << (C,#ADD1B2) >>
participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) >>

Bob->Alice: First message

@enduml

More information on titles

You can use creole formatting in the title.

@startuml

title __Simple__ **communication** example

Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob -> Alice: Authentication Response

@enduml

You can add newline using \n in the title description.

@startuml

title __Simple__ communication example\non several lines

Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob -> Alice: Authentication Response

@enduml

You can also define title on several lines using title and end title keywords.

@startuml

title
 <u>Simple</u> communication example
 on <i>several</i> lines and using <font color=red>html</font>
 This is hosted by <img:sourceforge.jpg>
end title

Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob -> Alice: Authentication Response

@enduml

包裹参与者

可以使用box和end box画一个盒子将参与者包裹起来。

还可以在box关键字之后添加标题或者背景颜色。

@startuml

box "Internal Service" #LightBlue
participant Bob
participant Alice
end box
participant Other

Bob -> Alice : hello
Alice -> Other : hello

@enduml

Participants encompass

It is possible to draw a box around some participants, using box and end box commands.

You can add an optional title or a optional background color, after the box keyword.

@startuml

box "Internal Service" #LightBlue
participant Bob
participant Alice
end box
participant Other

Bob -> Alice : hello
Alice -> Other : hello

@enduml

移除脚注

使用hide footbox关键字移除脚注。

@startuml

hide footbox
title Footer removed

Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response

@enduml

Removing Foot Boxes

You can use the hide footbox keywords to remove the foot boxes of the diagram.

@startuml

hide footbox
title Foot Box removed

Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response

@enduml

外观参数(skinparam)

用skinparam改变字体和颜色。

可以在如下场景中使用：

在图示的定义中，
在引入的文件中，
在命令行或者ANT任务提供的配置文件中。

你也可以修改其他渲染元素，如以下示例：

@startuml
skinparam sequenceArrowThickness 2
skinparam roundcorner 20
skinparam maxmessagesize 60
skinparam sequenceParticipant underline

actor User
participant "First Class" as A
participant "Second Class" as B
participant "Last Class" as C

User -> A: DoWork
activate A

A -> B: Create Request
activate B

B -> C: DoWork
activate C
C --> B: WorkDone
destroy C

B --> A: Request Created
deactivate B

A --> User: Done
deactivate A

@enduml

@startuml
skinparam backgroundColor #EEEBDC
skinparam handwritten true

skinparam sequence {
ArrowColor DeepSkyBlue
ActorBorderColor DeepSkyBlue
LifeLineBorderColor blue
LifeLineBackgroundColor #A9DCDF

ParticipantBorderColor DeepSkyBlue
ParticipantBackgroundColor DodgerBlue
ParticipantFontName Impact
ParticipantFontSize 17
ParticipantFontColor #A9DCDF

ActorBackgroundColor aqua
ActorFontColor DeepSkyBlue
ActorFontSize 17
ActorFontName Aapex
}

actor User
participant "First Class" as A
participant "Second Class" as B
participant "Last Class" as C

User -> A: DoWork
activate A

A -> B: Create Request
activate B

B -> C: DoWork
activate C
C --> B: WorkDone
destroy C

B --> A: Request Created
deactivate B

A --> User: Done
deactivate A

@enduml

Skinparam

You can use the skinparam command to change colors and fonts for the drawing.

You can use this command:

In the diagram definition, like any other commands,
In an included file,
In a configuration file, provided in the command line or the ANT task.

You can also change other rendering parameter, as seen in the following examples:

@startuml
skinparam sequenceArrowThickness 2
skinparam roundcorner 20
skinparam maxmessagesize 60
skinparam sequenceParticipant underline

actor User
participant "First Class" as A
participant "Second Class" as B
participant "Last Class" as C

User -> A: DoWork
activate A

A -> B: Create Request
activate B

B -> C: DoWork
activate C
C --> B: WorkDone
destroy C

B --> A: Request Created
deactivate B

A --> User: Done
deactivate A

@enduml

@startuml
skinparam backgroundColor #EEEBDC
skinparam handwritten true

skinparam sequence {
ArrowColor DeepSkyBlue
ActorBorderColor DeepSkyBlue
LifeLineBorderColor blue
LifeLineBackgroundColor #A9DCDF

ParticipantBorderColor DeepSkyBlue
ParticipantBackgroundColor DodgerBlue
ParticipantFontName Impact
ParticipantFontSize 17
ParticipantFontColor #A9DCDF

ActorBackgroundColor aqua
ActorFontColor DeepSkyBlue
ActorFontSize 17
ActorFontName Aapex
}

actor User
participant "First Class" as A
participant "Second Class" as B
participant "Last Class" as C

User -> A: DoWork
activate A

A -> B: Create Request
activate B

B -> C: DoWork
activate C
C --> B: WorkDone
destroy C

B --> A: Request Created
deactivate B

A --> User: Done
deactivate A

@enduml

填充区设置

可以设定填充区的参数配置。

@startuml
skinparam ParticipantPadding 20
skinparam BoxPadding 10

box "Foo1"
participant Alice1
participant Alice2
end box
box "Foo2"
participant Bob1
participant Bob2
end box
Alice1 -> Bob1 : hello
Alice1 -> Out : out
@enduml

Changing padding

It is possible to tune some padding settings.

@startuml
skinparam ParticipantPadding 20
skinparam BoxPadding 10

box "Foo1"
participant Alice1
participant Alice2
end box
box "Foo2"
participant Bob1
participant Bob2
end box
Alice1 -> Bob1 : hello
Alice1 -> Out : out
@enduml

Appendix: Examples of all arrow type

Normal arrow

@startuml
participant Alice as a
participant Bob   as b
a ->     b : ""->   ""
a ->>    b : ""->>  ""
a -\     b : ""-\   ""
a -\\    b : ""-\\\\""
a -/     b : ""-/   ""
a -//    b : ""-//  ""
a ->x    b : ""->x  ""
a x->    b : ""x->  ""
a o->    b : ""o->  ""
a ->o    b : ""->o  ""
a o->o   b : ""o->o ""
a <->    b : ""<->  ""
a o<->o  b : ""o<->o""
a x<->x  b : ""x<->x""
a ->>o   b : ""->>o ""
a -\o    b : ""-\o  ""
a -\\o   b : ""-\\\\o""
a -/o    b : ""-/o  ""
a -//o   b : ""-//o ""
a x->o   b : ""x->o ""
@enduml

Incoming and outgoing messages (with '[', ']')

Incoming messages (with '[')

@startuml
participant Alice as a
participant Bob   as b
[->      b : ""[->   ""
[->>     b : ""[->>  ""
[-\      b : ""[-\   ""
[-\\     b : ""[-\\\\""
[-/      b : ""[-/   ""
[-//     b : ""[-//  ""
[->x     b : ""[->x  ""
[x->     b : ""[x->  ""
[o->     b : ""[o->  ""
[->o     b : ""[->o  ""
[o->o    b : ""[o->o ""
[<->     b : ""[<->  ""
[o<->o   b : ""[o<->o""
[x<->x   b : ""[x<->x""
[->>o    b : ""[->>o ""
[-\o     b : ""[-\o  ""
[-\\o    b : ""[-\\\\o""
[-/o     b : ""[-/o  ""
[-//o    b : ""[-//o ""
[x->o    b : ""[x->o ""
@enduml

Outgoing messages (with ']')

@startuml
participant Alice as a
participant Bob   as b
a ->]      : ""->]   ""
a ->>]     : ""->>]  ""
a -\]      : ""-\]   ""
a -\\]     : ""-\\\\]""
a -/]      : ""-/]   ""
a -//]     : ""-//]  ""
a ->x]     : ""->x]  ""
a x->]     : ""x->]  ""
a o->]     : ""o->]  ""
a ->o]     : ""->o]  ""
a o->o]    : ""o->o] ""
a <->]     : ""<->]  ""
a o<->o]   : ""o<->o]""
a x<->x]   : ""x<->x]""
a ->>o]    : ""->>o] ""
a -\o]     : ""-\o]  ""
a -\\o]    : ""-\\\\o]""
a -/o]     : ""-/o]  ""
a -//o]    : ""-//o] ""
a x->o]    : ""x->o] ""
@enduml

Short incoming and outgoing messages (with '?')

Short incoming (with '?')

@startuml
participant Alice as a
participant Bob   as b
a ->     b : //Long long label//
?->      b : ""?->   ""
?->>     b : ""?->>  ""
?-\      b : ""?-\   ""
?-\\     b : ""?-\\\\""
?-/      b : ""?-/   ""
?-//     b : ""?-//  ""
?->x     b : ""?->x  ""
?x->     b : ""?x->  ""
?o->     b : ""?o->  ""
?->o     b : ""?->o  ""
?o->o    b : ""?o->o ""
?<->     b : ""?<->  ""
?o<->o   b : ""?o<->o""
?x<->x   b : ""?x<->x""
?->>o    b : ""?->>o ""
?-\o     b : ""?-\o  ""
?-\\o    b : ""?-\\\\o ""
?-/o     b : ""?-/o  ""
?-//o    b : ""?-//o ""
?x->o    b : ""?x->o ""
@enduml

Short outgoing (with '?')

@startuml
participant Alice as a
participant Bob   as b
a ->     b : //Long long label//
a ->?      : ""->?   ""
a ->>?     : ""->>?  ""
a -\?      : ""-\?   ""
a -\\?     : ""-\\\\?""
a -/?      : ""-/?   ""
a -//?     : ""-//?  ""
a ->x?     : ""->x?  ""
a x->?     : ""x->?  ""
a o->?     : ""o->?  ""
a ->o?     : ""->o?  ""
a o->o?    : ""o->o? ""
a <->?     : ""<->?  ""
a o<->o?   : ""o<->o?""
a x<->x?   : ""x<->x?""
a ->>o?    : ""->>o? ""
a -\o?     : ""-\o?  ""
a -\\o?    : ""-\\\\o?""
a -/o?     : ""-/o?  ""
a -//o?    : ""-//o? ""
a x->o?    : ""x->o? ""
@enduml

Specific SkinParameter

By default

@startuml
Bob -> Alice : hello
Alice -> Bob : ok
@enduml

LifelineStrategy

nosolid (by default)

@startuml
skinparam lifelineStrategy nosolid
Bob -> Alice : hello
Alice -> Bob : ok
@enduml

[Ref. QA-9016]

solid

In order to have solid life line in sequence diagrams, you can use: skinparam lifelineStrategy solid

@startuml
skinparam lifelineStrategy solid
Bob -> Alice : hello
Alice -> Bob : ok
@enduml

[Ref. QA-2794]

style strictuml

To be conform to strict UML (for arrow style: emits triangle rather than sharp arrowheads), you can use:

skinparam style strictuml

@startuml
skinparam style strictuml
Bob -> Alice : hello
Alice -> Bob : ok
@enduml

[Ref. QA-1047]

Hide unlinked participant

By default, all participants are displayed.

@startuml
participant Alice
participant Bob
participant Carol

Alice -> Bob : hello
@enduml

But you can hide unlinked participant.

@startuml
hide unlinked
participant Alice
participant Bob
participant Carol

Alice -> Bob : hello
@enduml

[Ref. QA-4247]

Please report any bugs to plantuml@gmail.com or here.

This website is still in beta testing.

Multilingual Wiki Documentation

时序图

Sequence Diagram

简单示例

Basic examples

声明参与者

Declaring participant

在参与者中使用非字母符号

Use non-letters in participants

给自己发消息

Message to Self

Text alignment

Text of response message below the arrow

修改箭头样式

Change arrow style

修改箭头颜色

Change arrow color

对消息序列编号

Message sequence numbering

页面标题,页眉,页脚

Page Title, Header and Footer

分割示意图

Splitting diagrams

组合消息

Grouping message

Secondary group label

给消息添加注释

Notes on messages

其他的注释

Some other notes

改变备注框的形状

Changing notes shape

Creole和HTML

Creole and HTML

分隔符

Divider or separator

引用

Reference

延迟

Delay

Text wrapping

空间

Space

生命线的激活与撤销

Lifeline Activation and Destruction

Return

Return

创建参与者

Participant creation

Shortcut syntax for activation, deactivation, creation

Shortcut syntax for activation, deactivation, creation

进入和发出消息

Incoming and outgoing messages

Short arrows for incoming and outgoing messages

Anchors and Duration

构造类型和圈点

Stereotypes and Spots

更多标题信息

More information on titles

包裹参与者

Participants encompass

移除脚注

Removing Foot Boxes

外观参数(skinparam)

Skinparam

填充区设置

Changing padding

Appendix: Examples of all arrow type

Normal arrow

Incoming and outgoing messages (with '[', ']')

Incoming messages (with '[')

Outgoing messages (with ']')

Short incoming and outgoing messages (with '?')

Short incoming (with '?')

Short outgoing (with '?')

Specific SkinParameter

By default

LifelineStrategy

style strictuml

Hide unlinked participant