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シーケンス図

Sequence Diagram

基本的な例

シーケンス -> を、2つの分類子間のメッセージを描画するために使います。分類子を、明示的に宣言する必要はありません。

点線の矢印を使う場合は、--> とします。

また、<- や <-- を使うこともできます。これらによって図の見た目が変わることはありませんが、可読性を高めることができます。ただし、以上の方法はシーケンス図だけに当てはまります。ほかの種類の図には当てはまりません。

@startuml
Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response

Alice -> Bob: Another authentication Request
Alice <-- Bob: another authentication Response
@enduml

Basic examples

The sequence -> is used to draw a message between two participants. Participants do not have to be explicitly declared.

To have a dotted arrow, you use -->

It is also possible to use <- and <--. That does not change the drawing, but may improve readability. Note that this is only true for sequence diagrams, rules are different for the other diagrams.

@startuml
Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response

Alice -> Bob: Another authentication Request
Alice <-- Bob: Another authentication Response
@enduml

分類子の宣言

キーワード participant を使って分類子を宣言すると、分類子の表示を調整することができます。

宣言した順序が、デフォルトの表示順になります。

分類子の宣言に別のキーワードを使用すると、分類子の形を変えることができます：

actor
boundary
control
entity
database
collections

@startuml
actor Foo1
boundary Foo2
control Foo3
entity Foo4
database Foo5
collections Foo6
Foo1 -> Foo2 : To boundary
Foo1 -> Foo3 : To control
Foo1 -> Foo4 : To entity
Foo1 -> Foo5 : To database
Foo1 -> Foo6 : To collections

@enduml

キーワード as を使って分類子の名前を変更することができます。

アクターや分類子の背景色を、HTML コードや色名を使って変更することもできます。

@startuml
actor Bob #red
' The only difference between actor
'and participant is the drawing
participant Alice
participant "I have a really\nlong name" as L #99FF99
/' You can also declare:
   participant L as "I have a really\nlong name"  #99FF99
  '/

Alice->Bob: Authentication Request
Bob->Alice: Authentication Response
Bob->L: Log transaction
@enduml

orderキーワードを使って、分類子が表示される順序を変更することもできます。

@startuml
participant Last order 30
participant Middle order 20
participant First order 10
@enduml

WARNING

This translation need to be updated.

WARNING

Declaring participant

If the keyword participant is used to declare a participant, more control on that participant is possible.

The order of declaration will be the (default) order of display.

Using these other keywords to declare participants will change the shape of the participant representation:

actor
boundary
control
entity
database
collections
queue

@startuml
participant participant as Foo
actor       actor       as Foo1
boundary    boundary    as Foo2
control     control     as Foo3
entity      entity      as Foo4
database    database    as Foo5
collections collections as Foo6
queue       queue       as Foo7
Foo -> Foo1 : To actor 
Foo -> Foo2 : To boundary
Foo -> Foo3 : To control
Foo -> Foo4 : To entity
Foo -> Foo5 : To database
Foo -> Foo6 : To collections
Foo -> Foo7: To queue
@enduml

Rename a participant using the as keyword.

You can also change the background color of actor or participant.

@startuml
actor Bob #red
' The only difference between actor
'and participant is the drawing
participant Alice
participant "I have a really\nlong name" as L #99FF99
/' You can also declare:
   participant L as "I have a really\nlong name"  #99FF99
  '/

Alice->Bob: Authentication Request
Bob->Alice: Authentication Response
Bob->L: Log transaction
@enduml

You can use the order keyword to customize the display order of participants.

@startuml
participant Last order 30
participant Middle order 20
participant First order 10
@enduml

分類子名にアルファベット以外を使う

分類子を定義するときに引用符を使用することができます。そして、分類子にエイリアスを与えるためにキーワード as を使用することができます。

@startuml
Alice -> "Bob()" : Hello
"Bob()" -> "This is very\nlong" as Long
' You can also declare:
' "Bob()" -> Long as "This is very\nlong"
Long --> "Bob()" : ok
@enduml

Use non-letters in participants

You can use quotes to define participants. And you can use the as keyword to give an alias to those participants.

@startuml
Alice -> "Bob()" : Hello
"Bob()" -> "This is very\nlong" as Long
' You can also declare:
' "Bob()" -> Long as "This is very\nlong"
Long --> "Bob()" : ok
@enduml

自分自身へのメッセージ

分類子は自分自身へメッセージを送信できます。

\n を使用して、複数行のテキストを扱えます。

@startuml
Alice->Alice: This is a signal to self.\nIt also demonstrates\nmultiline \ntext
@enduml

Message to Self

A participant can send a message to itself.

It is also possible to have multi-line using \n.

@startuml
Alice->Alice: This is a signal to self.\nIt also demonstrates\nmultiline \ntext
@enduml

Text alignment

応答メッセージの矢印の下の文字

skinparam responseMessageBelowArrow trueコマンドを使うことで、応答メッセージの矢印の下に文字を配置することができます。

@startuml
skinparam responseMessageBelowArrow true
Bob -> Alice : hello
Alice -> Bob : ok
@enduml

TODO

Link to Text Alignment on skinparam page.

Text alignment

Text of response message below the arrow

You can put the text of the response message below the arrow, with the skinparam responseMessageBelowArrow true command.

@startuml
skinparam responseMessageBelowArrow true
Bob -> Alice : hello
Alice -> Bob : ok
@enduml

TODO

Link to Text Alignment on skinparam page.

矢印の見た目を変える

矢印の見た目をいくつかの方法によって変更できます。

メッセージの消失を示す最後の x を追加
\ や / を < や > の代わりに使うと
矢印の先端が上側だけまたは下側だけになります。
矢印の先端を繰り返す (たとえば >> や //) と、矢印の先端が細くなります。
-- を - の代わりに使うと、矢印が点線になります。
矢じりに最後の "O" を追加
双方向の矢印を使用する

@startuml
Bob ->x Alice
Bob -> Alice
Bob ->> Alice
Bob -\ Alice
Bob \\- Alice
Bob //-- Alice

Bob ->o Alice
Bob o\\-- Alice

Bob <-> Alice
Bob <->o Alice
@enduml

Change arrow style

You can change arrow style by several ways:

add a final x to denote a lost message
use \ or / instead of < or > to have only the bottom or top part of the arrow
repeat the arrow head (for example, >> or //) head to have a thin drawing
use -- instead of - to have a dotted arrow
add a final "o" at arrow head
use bidirectional arrow <->

@startuml
Bob ->x Alice
Bob -> Alice
Bob ->> Alice
Bob -\ Alice
Bob \\- Alice
Bob //-- Alice

Bob ->o Alice
Bob o\\-- Alice

Bob <-> Alice
Bob <->o Alice
@enduml

矢印の色を替える

以下の表記を使って、個々の矢印の色を変えることができます。

@startuml
Bob -[#red]> Alice : hello
Alice -[#0000FF]->Bob : ok
@enduml

Change arrow color

You can change the color of individual arrows using the following notation:

@startuml
Bob -[#red]> Alice : hello
Alice -[#0000FF]->Bob : ok
@enduml

メッセージシーケンスの番号付け

メッセージへ自動で番号を振るために、キーワード autonumber を使います。

@startuml
autonumber
Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response
@enduml

autonumber //開始// で開始番号を、また、autonumber //開始// //増分// で増分も指定することができます。

@startuml
autonumber
Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response

autonumber 15
Bob -> Alice : Another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Another authentication Response

autonumber 40 10
Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response

@enduml

二重引用符で囲って番号の書式を指定することができます。

その書式指定は Java の DecimalFormat 方式で行う（0 は桁を表し, # は存在しない場合は 0 で埋める桁を意味する）。

HTMLタグを書式に使うこともできます。

@startuml
autonumber "<b>[000]"
Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response

autonumber 15 "<b>(<u>##</u>)"
Bob -> Alice : Another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Another authentication Response

autonumber 40 10 "<font color=red><b>Message 0  "
Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response

@enduml

autonumber stop と autonumber resume //増分// //書式// を自動採番の一時停止と再開にそれぞれを使用することができます。

@startuml
autonumber 10 10 "<b>[000]"
Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response

autonumber stop
Bob -> Alice : dummy

autonumber resume "<font color=red><b>Message 0  "
Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response

autonumber stop
Bob -> Alice : dummy

autonumber resume 1 "<font color=blue><b>Message 0  "
Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response
@enduml

Message sequence numbering

The keyword autonumber is used to automatically add number to messages.

@startuml
autonumber
Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response
@enduml

You can specify a startnumber with autonumber //start// , and also an increment with autonumber //start// //increment//.

@startuml
autonumber
Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response

autonumber 15
Bob -> Alice : Another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Another authentication Response

autonumber 40 10
Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response

@enduml

You can specify a format for your number by using between double-quote.

The formatting is done with the Java class DecimalFormat (0 means digit, # means digit and zero if absent).

You can use some html tag in the format.

@startuml
autonumber "<b>[000]"
Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response

autonumber 15 "<b>(<u>##</u>)"
Bob -> Alice : Another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Another authentication Response

autonumber 40 10 "<font color=red><b>Message 0  "
Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response

@enduml

You can also use autonumber stop and autonumber resume //increment// //format// to respectively pause and resume automatic numbering.

@startuml
autonumber 10 10 "<b>[000]"
Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response

autonumber stop
Bob -> Alice : dummy

autonumber resume "<font color=red><b>Message 0  "
Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response

autonumber stop
Bob -> Alice : dummy

autonumber resume 1 "<font color=blue><b>Message 0  "
Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request
Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response
@enduml

タイトル、ヘッダー、フッター

titleキーワードはページにタイトルをつけるのに使われます。

headerやfooterを使うことにより、ページにヘッダーやフッターをつけて表示することができます。

@startuml

header Page Header
footer Page %page% of %lastpage%

title Example Title

Alice -> Bob : message 1
Alice -> Bob : message 2

@enduml

Page Title, Header and Footer

The title keyword is used to add a title to the page.

Pages can display headers and footers using header and footer.

@startuml

header Page Header
footer Page %page% of %lastpage%

title Example Title

Alice -> Bob : message 1
Alice -> Bob : message 2

@enduml

図の分割

図を複数の画像に分けるためにキーワード newpage を使います。

新しいページのタイトルをキーワード newpage の直後に書くことができます。

これは、複数ページにわたる長い図を書くときに便利な機能です。

@startuml

Alice -> Bob : message 1
Alice -> Bob : message 2

newpage

Alice -> Bob : message 3
Alice -> Bob : message 4

newpage A title for the\nlast page

Alice -> Bob : message 5
Alice -> Bob : message 6
@enduml

Splitting diagrams

The newpage keyword is used to split a diagram into several images.

You can put a title for the new page just after the newpage keyword. This title overrides the previously specified title if any.

This is very handy with Word to print long diagram on several pages.

(Note: this really does work. Only the first page is shown below, but it is a display artifact.)

@startuml

Alice -> Bob : message 1
Alice -> Bob : message 2

newpage

Alice -> Bob : message 3
Alice -> Bob : message 4

newpage A title for the\nlast page

Alice -> Bob : message 5
Alice -> Bob : message 6
@enduml

メッセージのグループ化

次のキーワードを使えば、メッセージをまとめてグループ化できます。

alt/else
opt
loop
par
break
critical
group表示するテキスト

ヘッダ部分に文字列を追加することが可能です。(group を除く)

グループを閉じるにはキーワード end を使用します。

注：グループはネスト可能です。

@startuml
Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request

alt successful case

    Bob -> Alice: Authentication Accepted

else some kind of failure

    Bob -> Alice: Authentication Failure
    group My own label
    Alice -> Log : Log attack start
        loop 1000 times
            Alice -> Bob: DNS Attack
        end
    Alice -> Log : Log attack end
    end

else Another type of failure

   Bob -> Alice: Please repeat

end
@enduml

WARNING

This translation need to be updated.

WARNING

Grouping message

It is possible to group messages together using the following keywords:

alt/else
opt
loop
par
break
critical
group, followed by a text to be displayed

It is possible to add a text that will be displayed into the header (for group, see next paragraph 'Secondary group label').

The end keyword is used to close the group.

Note that it is possible to nest groups.

@startuml
Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request

alt successful case

    Bob -> Alice: Authentication Accepted

else some kind of failure

    Bob -> Alice: Authentication Failure
    group My own label
    Alice -> Log : Log attack start
        loop 1000 times
            Alice -> Bob: DNS Attack
        end
    Alice -> Log : Log attack end
    end

else Another type of failure

   Bob -> Alice: Please repeat

end
@enduml

Secondary group label

For group, it is possible to add, between[ and ], a secondary text or label that will be displayed into the header.

@startuml
Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob -> Alice: Authentication Failure
group My own label [My own label 2]
    Alice -> Log : Log attack start
    loop 1000 times
        Alice -> Bob: DNS Attack
    end
    Alice -> Log : Log attack end
end
@enduml

[Ref. QA-2503]

メッセージの注釈

メッセージのすぐ後ろにキーワード note left または note right を使用しメッセージの注釈をつけることが可能です。

end note キーワードを使って、複数行の注釈を付けることができます。

@startuml
Alice->Bob : hello
note left: this is a first note

Bob->Alice : ok
note right: this is another note

Bob->Bob : I am thinking
note left
a note
can also be defined
on several lines
end note
@enduml

Notes on messages

It is possible to put notes on message using the note left or note right keywords just after the message.

You can have a multi-line note using the end note keywords.

@startuml
Alice->Bob : hello
note left: this is a first note

Bob->Alice : ok
note right: this is another note

Bob->Bob : I am thinking
note left
a note
can also be defined
on several lines
end note
@enduml

その他の注釈

分類子との相対位置を指定して注釈を付けるには、次のものを使います :

注釈を目立たせるために、背景色を変えることができます。

また、キーワード end note を使って複数行の注釈を付けることができます。

@startuml
participant Alice
participant Bob
note left of Alice #aqua
This is displayed
left of Alice.
end note

note right of Alice: This is displayed right of Alice.

note over Alice: This is displayed over Alice.

note over Alice, Bob #FFAAAA: This is displayed\n over Bob and Alice.

note over Bob, Alice
This is yet another
example of
a long note.
end note
@enduml

Some other notes

It is also possible to place notes relative to participant with note left of , note right of or note over keywords.

It is possible to highlight a note by changing its background color.

You can also have a multi-line note using the end note keywords.

@startuml
participant Alice
participant Bob
note left of Alice #aqua
This is displayed
left of Alice.
end note

note right of Alice: This is displayed right of Alice.

note over Alice: This is displayed over Alice.

note over Alice, Bob #FFAAAA: This is displayed\n over Bob and Alice.

note over Bob, Alice
This is yet another
example of
a long note.
end note
@enduml

ノートの形を変える

キーワード hnote と rnote を使ってノートの形を変更できます。

@startuml
caller -> server : conReq
hnote over caller : idle
caller <- server : conConf
rnote over server
 "r" as rectangle
 "h" as hexagon
endrnote
@enduml

Changing notes shape

You can use hnote and rnote keywords to change note shapes.

@startuml
caller -> server : conReq
hnote over caller : idle
caller <- server : conConf
rnote over server
 "r" as rectangle
 "h" as hexagon
endrnote
@enduml

Creole と HTML

PlantUML では creole フォーマットを使うこともできます。

@startuml
participant Alice
participant "The **Famous** Bob" as Bob

Alice -> Bob : hello --there--
... Some ~~long delay~~ ...
Bob -> Alice : ok
note left
  This is **bold**
  This is //italics//
  This is ""monospaced""
  This is --stroked--
  This is __underlined__
  This is ~~waved~~
end note

Alice -> Bob : A //well formatted// message
note right of Alice
 This is <back:cadetblue><size:18>displayed</size></back>
 __left of__ Alice.
end note
note left of Bob
 <u:red>This</u> is <color #118888>displayed</color>
 **<color purple>left of</color> <s:red>Alice</strike> Bob**.
end note
note over Alice, Bob
 <w:#FF33FF>This is hosted</w> by <img sourceforge.jpg>
end note
@enduml

Creole and HTML

It is also possible to use creole formatting:

@startuml
participant Alice
participant "The **Famous** Bob" as Bob

Alice -> Bob : hello --there--
... Some ~~long delay~~ ...
Bob -> Alice : ok
note left
  This is **bold**
  This is //italics//
  This is ""monospaced""
  This is --stroked--
  This is __underlined__
  This is ~~waved~~
end note

Alice -> Bob : A //well formatted// message
note right of Alice
 This is <back:cadetblue><size:18>displayed</size></back>
 __left of__ Alice.
end note
note left of Bob
 <u:red>This</u> is <color #118888>displayed</color>
 **<color purple>left of</color> <s:red>Alice</strike> Bob**.
end note
note over Alice, Bob
 <w:#FF33FF>This is hosted</w> by <img sourceforge.jpg>
end note
@enduml

境界線

== を使って、図を論理的なステップに分けることも出来ます。

@startuml

== Initialization ==

Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response

== Repetition ==

Alice -> Bob: Another authentication Request
Alice <-- Bob: another authentication Response

@enduml

WARNING

This translation need to be updated.

WARNING

Divider or separator

If you want, you can split a diagram using == separator to divide your diagram into logical steps.

@startuml

== Initialization ==

Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response

== Repetition ==

Alice -> Bob: Another authentication Request
Alice <-- Bob: another authentication Response

@enduml

リファレンス

キーワード ref over を使用して、図中にリファレンスを挿入できます。

@startuml
participant Alice
actor Bob

ref over Alice, Bob : init

Alice -> Bob : hello

ref over Bob
  This can be on
  several lines
end ref
@enduml

Reference

You can use reference in a diagram, using the keyword ref over.

@startuml
participant Alice
actor Bob

ref over Alice, Bob : init

Alice -> Bob : hello

ref over Bob
  This can be on
  several lines
end ref
@enduml

遅延

処理の遅延を表すために ... が使えます。また、作成した遅延にコメントを付けることもできます。

@startuml

Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
...
Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response
...5 minutes latter...
Bob --> Alice: Bye !

@enduml

Delay

You can use ... to indicate a delay in the diagram. And it is also possible to put a message with this delay.

@startuml

Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
...
Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response
...5 minutes later...
Bob --> Alice: Good Bye !

@enduml

テキストの折り返し

\nを使って改行することで、長いメッセージを折り返すことができます。

また、maxMessageSizeを設定するという方法もあります。

@startuml
skinparam maxMessageSize 50
participant a
participant b
a -> b :this\nis\nmanually\ndone
a -> b :this is a very long message on several words
@enduml

Text wrapping

To break long messages, you can manually add \n in your text.

Another option is to use maxMessageSize setting:

@startuml
skinparam maxMessageSize 50
participant a
participant b
a -> b :this\nis\nmanually\ndone
a -> b :this is a very long message on several words
@enduml

間隔

図の間隔を調整するために、記号|||を使用することができます。

さらにピクセル数を指定することもできます。

@startuml

Alice -> Bob: message 1
Bob --> Alice: ok
|||
Alice -> Bob: message 2
Bob --> Alice: ok
||45||
Alice -> Bob: message 3
Bob --> Alice: ok

@enduml

Space

You can use ||| to indicate some spacing in the diagram.

It is also possible to specify a number of pixel to be used.

@startuml

Alice -> Bob: message 1
Bob --> Alice: ok
|||
Alice -> Bob: message 2
Bob --> Alice: ok
||45||
Alice -> Bob: message 3
Bob --> Alice: ok

@enduml

ライフラインの活性化と破棄

activate と deactivate を使って分類子の活性化を表します。

分類子の活性化はライフラインで表されます。

activate と deactivate は直前のメッセージに適用されます。

destroy は分類子のライフラインが終わったことを表します。

@startuml
participant User

User -> A: DoWork
activate A

A -> B: << createRequest >>
activate B

B -> C: DoWork
activate C
C --> B: WorkDone
destroy C

B --> A: RequestCreated
deactivate B

A -> User: Done
deactivate A

@enduml

ライフラインはネスト(入れ子に)することができ、色をつけることもできます。

@startuml
participant User

User -> A: DoWork
activate A #FFBBBB

A -> A: Internal call
activate A #DarkSalmon

A -> B: << createRequest >>
activate B

B --> A: RequestCreated
deactivate B
deactivate A
A -> User: Done
deactivate A

@enduml

自動的に活性化(autoactivate)することもできます。この場合はreturnキーワードを使用します。

@startuml
autoactivate on
alice -> bob : hello
bob -> bob : self call
bill -> bob #005500 : hello from thread 2
bob -> george ** : create
return done in thread 2
return rc
bob -> george !! : delete
return success

@enduml

Lifeline Activation and Destruction

The activate and deactivate are used to denote participant activation.

Once a participant is activated, its lifeline appears.

The activate and deactivate apply on the previous message.

The destroy denote the end of the lifeline of a participant.

@startuml
participant User

User -> A: DoWork
activate A

A -> B: << createRequest >>
activate B

B -> C: DoWork
activate C
C --> B: WorkDone
destroy C

B --> A: RequestCreated
deactivate B

A -> User: Done
deactivate A

@enduml

Nested lifeline can be used, and it is possible to add a color on the lifeline.

@startuml
participant User

User -> A: DoWork
activate A #FFBBBB

A -> A: Internal call
activate A #DarkSalmon

A -> B: << createRequest >>
activate B

B --> A: RequestCreated
deactivate B
deactivate A
A -> User: Done
deactivate A

@enduml

Autoactivation is possible and works with the return keywords:

@startuml
autoactivate on
alice -> bob : hello
bob -> bob : self call
bill -> bob #005500 : hello from thread 2
bob -> george ** : create
return done in thread 2
return rc
bob -> george !! : delete
return success

@enduml

Return

新しいコマンドreturnは、リターンメッセージを生成し、オプションでテキストラベルをつけることができます。リターンする先は最も最近活性化したライフラインです。構文は単純にreturn ラベルです。ラベルを与える場合には、通常のメッセージに与えることが可能な文字列を何でも与えることができます。

@startuml
Bob -> Alice : hello
activate Alice
Alice -> Alice : some action
return bye
@enduml

Return

Command return generates a return message with optional text label.

The return point is that which caused the most recent life-line activation.

The syntax is return label where label if provided is any string acceptable for conventional messages.

@startuml
Bob -> Alice : hello
activate Alice
Alice -> Alice : some action
return bye
@enduml

分類子の生成

キーワード create を、オブジェクトが最初のメッセージを受信する直前に置くことにより、このメッセージがオブジェクトを新しく生成していることを強調して表現できます。

@startuml
Bob -> Alice : hello

create Other
Alice -> Other : new

create control String
Alice -> String
note right : You can also put notes!

Alice --> Bob : ok

@enduml

Participant creation

You can use the create keyword just before the first reception of a message to emphasize the fact that this message is actually creating this new object.

@startuml
Bob -> Alice : hello

create Other
Alice -> Other : new

create control String
Alice -> String
note right : You can also put notes!

Alice --> Bob : ok

@enduml

活性化、非活性化、生成のショートカット

対象の分類子を記述した直後に、次の記法を使うことができます。

++ 対象を活性化する (続けて#colorのように色を記述することもできます)
-- 起点側を非活性化する
** 対象のインスタンスを生成する
!! 対象のインスタンスを破棄する

@startuml
alice -> bob ++ : hello
bob -> bob ++ : self call
bob -> bib ++  #005500 : hello
bob -> george ** : create
return done
return rc
bob -> george !! : delete
return success
@enduml

Shortcut syntax for activation, deactivation, creation

Immediately after specifying the target participant, the following syntax can be used:

++ Activate the target (optionally a #color may follow this)
-- Deactivate the source
** Create an instance of the target
!! Destroy an instance of the target

@startuml
alice -> bob ++ : hello
bob -> bob ++ : self call
bob -> bib ++  #005500 : hello
bob -> george ** : create
return done
return rc
bob -> george !! : delete
return success
@enduml

インとアウトのメッセージ

図の一部だけにフォーカスを当てたい場合には、インまたはアウトのメッセージを使えます。

左角括弧 "[" を使って図の左端、右角括弧 "]" を使って図の右側を表せます。

@startuml
[-> A: DoWork

activate A

A -> A: Internal call
activate A

A ->] : << createRequest >>

A<--] : RequestCreated
deactivate A
[<- A: Done
deactivate A
@enduml

また、次の書き方も使えます：

@startuml
[-> Bob
[o-> Bob
[o->o Bob
[x-> Bob

[<- Bob
[x<- Bob

Bob ->]
Bob ->o]
Bob o->o]
Bob ->x]

Bob <-]
Bob x<-]
@enduml

WARNING

This translation need to be updated.

WARNING

Incoming and outgoing messages

You can use incoming or outgoing arrows if you want to focus on a part of the diagram.

Use square brackets to denote the left "[" or the right "]" side of the diagram.

@startuml
[-> A: DoWork

activate A

A -> A: Internal call
activate A

A ->] : << createRequest >>

A<--] : RequestCreated
deactivate A
[<- A: Done
deactivate A
@enduml

You can also have the following syntax:

@startuml
participant Alice
participant Bob #lightblue
Alice -> Bob
Bob -> Carol
...
[-> Bob
[o-> Bob
[o->o Bob
[x-> Bob
...
[<- Bob
[x<- Bob
...
Bob ->]
Bob ->o]
Bob o->o]
Bob ->x]
...
Bob <-]
Bob x<-]

@enduml

Short arrows for incoming and outgoing messages

You can have short arrows with using ?.

@startuml
?-> Alice    : ""?->""\n**short** to actor1
[-> Alice    : ""[->""\n**from start** to actor1
[-> Bob      : ""[->""\n**from start** to actor2
?-> Bob      : ""?->""\n**short** to actor2
Alice ->]    : ""->]""\nfrom actor1 **to end**
Alice ->?    : ""->?""\n**short** from actor1
Alice -> Bob : ""->"" \nfrom actor1 to actor2
@enduml

[Ref. QA-310]

アンカーと持続時間

teozを使用するとダイアグラムにアンカーを追加することができ、それによって持続時間を表現することができます。

@startuml
!pragma teoz true

{start} Alice -> Bob : start doing things during duration
Bob -> Max : something
Max -> Bob : something else
{end} Bob -> Alice : finish

{start} <-> {end} : some time

@enduml

Anchors and Duration

With teoz usage it is possible to add anchors to the diagram and use the anchors to specify duration time.

@startuml
!pragma teoz true

{start} Alice -> Bob : start doing things during duration
Bob -> Max : something
Max -> Bob : something else
{end} Bob -> Alice : finish

{start} <-> {end} : some time

@enduml

ステレオタイプとスポット

<< と >> を使い分類子にステレオタイプをつけることができます。

(X,color) と記述することによりステレオタイプに色付きの文字と円のアイコンをつけることができます。

@startuml

participant "Famous Bob" as Bob << Generated >>
participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) Testable >>

Bob->Alice: First message

@enduml

デフォルトでは guillemet キャラクターがステレオタイプを表示するために使用されます。スキンパラメータ guillemet を使用してこの動作を変更することができます：

@startuml

skinparam guillemet false
participant "Famous Bob" as Bob << Generated >>
participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) Testable >>

Bob->Alice: First message

@enduml

@startuml

participant Bob << (C,#ADD1B2) >>
participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) >>

Bob->Alice: First message

@enduml

Stereotypes and Spots

It is possible to add stereotypes to participants using << and >>.

In the stereotype, you can add a spotted character in a colored circle using the syntax (X,color).

@startuml

participant "Famous Bob" as Bob << Generated >>
participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) Testable >>

Bob->Alice: First message

@enduml

By default, the guillemet character is used to display the stereotype. You can change this behavious using the skinparam guillemet:

@startuml

skinparam guillemet false
participant "Famous Bob" as Bob << Generated >>
participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) Testable >>

Bob->Alice: First message

@enduml

@startuml

participant Bob << (C,#ADD1B2) >>
participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) >>

Bob->Alice: First message

@enduml

タイトルについての詳細

タイトルには creole フォーマットが使用できます。

@startuml

title __Simple__ **communication** example

Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob -> Alice: Authentication Response

@enduml

タイトルの記述では \n を使用して新しい行を追加することができます。

@startuml

title __Simple__ communication example\non several lines

Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob -> Alice: Authentication Response

@enduml

また、キーワード title と end title を使うことにより、タイトルを複数行にわたって記述できます。

@startuml

title
 <u>Simple</u> communication example
 on <i>several</i> lines and using <font color=red>html</font>
 This is hosted by <img:sourceforge.jpg>
end title

Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob -> Alice: Authentication Response

@enduml

More information on titles

You can use creole formatting in the title.

@startuml

title __Simple__ **communication** example

Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob -> Alice: Authentication Response

@enduml

You can add newline using \n in the title description.

@startuml

title __Simple__ communication example\non several lines

Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob -> Alice: Authentication Response

@enduml

You can also define title on several lines using title and end title keywords.

@startuml

title
 <u>Simple</u> communication example
 on <i>several</i> lines and using <font color=red>html</font>
 This is hosted by <img:sourceforge.jpg>
end title

Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob -> Alice: Authentication Response

@enduml

分類子の囲み

キーワード box と end box を使い、分類子のまわりにボックスを描くことができます。

タイトルや背景色をキーワード box に続けて任意で追加できます。

@startuml

box "Internal Service" #LightBlue
participant Bob
participant Alice
end box
participant Other

Bob -> Alice : hello
Alice -> Other : hello

@enduml

Participants encompass

It is possible to draw a box around some participants, using box and end box commands.

You can add an optional title or a optional background color, after the box keyword.

@startuml

box "Internal Service" #LightBlue
participant Bob
participant Alice
end box
participant Other

Bob -> Alice : hello
Alice -> Other : hello

@enduml

フッターの除去

図からフッターを削除するにはキーワード hide footbox を使います。

@startuml

hide footbox
title Foot Box removed

Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response

@enduml

Removing Foot Boxes

You can use the hide footbox keywords to remove the foot boxes of the diagram.

@startuml

hide footbox
title Foot Box removed

Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response

@enduml

スキンパラメータ

ダイアグラムの色やフォントを変更するには skinparam コマンドを使用します。

このコマンドは以下の場面で使用できます。

ダイアグラム定義内で他のコマンドを同様に。
インクルードされたファイル内。
設定ファイルのコマンドライン内やANTタスク内。

次の例のように他のパラメータを変えることもできます。

@startuml
skinparam sequenceArrowThickness 2
skinparam roundcorner 20
skinparam maxmessagesize 60
skinparam sequenceParticipant underline

actor User
participant "First Class" as A
participant "Second Class" as B
participant "Last Class" as C

User -> A: DoWork
activate A

A -> B: Create Request
activate B

B -> C: DoWork
activate C
C --> B: WorkDone
destroy C

B --> A: Request Created
deactivate B

A --> User: Done
deactivate A

@enduml

@startuml
skinparam backgroundColor #EEEBDC
skinparam handwritten true

skinparam sequence {
ArrowColor DeepSkyBlue
ActorBorderColor DeepSkyBlue
LifeLineBorderColor blue
LifeLineBackgroundColor #A9DCDF

ParticipantBorderColor DeepSkyBlue
ParticipantBackgroundColor DodgerBlue
ParticipantFontName Impact
ParticipantFontSize 17
ParticipantFontColor #A9DCDF

ActorBackgroundColor aqua
ActorFontColor DeepSkyBlue
ActorFontSize 17
ActorFontName Aapex
}

actor User
participant "First Class" as A
participant "Second Class" as B
participant "Last Class" as C

User -> A: DoWork
activate A

A -> B: Create Request
activate B

B -> C: DoWork
activate C
C --> B: WorkDone
destroy C

B --> A: Request Created
deactivate B

A --> User: Done
deactivate A

@enduml

Skinparam

You can use the skinparam command to change colors and fonts for the drawing.

You can use this command:

In the diagram definition, like any other commands,
In an included file,
In a configuration file, provided in the command line or the ANT task.

You can also change other rendering parameter, as seen in the following examples:

@startuml
skinparam sequenceArrowThickness 2
skinparam roundcorner 20
skinparam maxmessagesize 60
skinparam sequenceParticipant underline

actor User
participant "First Class" as A
participant "Second Class" as B
participant "Last Class" as C

User -> A: DoWork
activate A

A -> B: Create Request
activate B

B -> C: DoWork
activate C
C --> B: WorkDone
destroy C

B --> A: Request Created
deactivate B

A --> User: Done
deactivate A

@enduml

@startuml
skinparam backgroundColor #EEEBDC
skinparam handwritten true

skinparam sequence {
ArrowColor DeepSkyBlue
ActorBorderColor DeepSkyBlue
LifeLineBorderColor blue
LifeLineBackgroundColor #A9DCDF

ParticipantBorderColor DeepSkyBlue
ParticipantBackgroundColor DodgerBlue
ParticipantFontName Impact
ParticipantFontSize 17
ParticipantFontColor #A9DCDF

ActorBackgroundColor aqua
ActorFontColor DeepSkyBlue
ActorFontSize 17
ActorFontName Aapex
}

actor User
participant "First Class" as A
participant "Second Class" as B
participant "Last Class" as C

User -> A: DoWork
activate A

A -> B: Create Request
activate B

B -> C: DoWork
activate C
C --> B: WorkDone
destroy C

B --> A: Request Created
deactivate B

A --> User: Done
deactivate A

@enduml

パディングの変更

パディングの設定を変更することができます。

@startuml
skinparam ParticipantPadding 20
skinparam BoxPadding 10

box "Foo1"
participant Alice1
participant Alice2
end box
box "Foo2"
participant Bob1
participant Bob2
end box
Alice1 -> Bob1 : hello
Alice1 -> Out : out
@enduml

Changing padding

It is possible to tune some padding settings.

@startuml
skinparam ParticipantPadding 20
skinparam BoxPadding 10

box "Foo1"
participant Alice1
participant Alice2
end box
box "Foo2"
participant Bob1
participant Bob2
end box
Alice1 -> Bob1 : hello
Alice1 -> Out : out
@enduml

Appendice: Examples of all arrow type

Normal arrow

@startuml
participant Alice as a
participant Bob   as b
a ->     b : ""->   ""
a ->>    b : ""->>  ""
a -\     b : ""-\   ""
a -\\    b : ""-\\\\""
a -/     b : ""-/   ""
a -//    b : ""-//  ""
a ->x    b : ""->x  ""
a x->    b : ""x->  ""
a o->    b : ""o->  ""
a ->o    b : ""->o  ""
a o->o   b : ""o->o ""
a <->    b : ""<->  ""
a o<->o  b : ""o<->o""
a x<->x  b : ""x<->x""
a ->>o   b : ""->>o ""
a -\o    b : ""-\o  ""
a -\\o   b : ""-\\\\o""
a -/o    b : ""-/o  ""
a -//o   b : ""-//o ""
a x->o   b : ""x->o ""
@enduml

Incoming and outgoing messages (with '[', ']')

Incoming messages (with '[')

@startuml
participant Alice as a
participant Bob   as b
[->      b : ""[->   ""
[->>     b : ""[->>  ""
[-\      b : ""[-\   ""
[-\\     b : ""[-\\\\""
[-/      b : ""[-/   ""
[-//     b : ""[-//  ""
[->x     b : ""[->x  ""
[x->     b : ""[x->  ""
[o->     b : ""[o->  ""
[->o     b : ""[->o  ""
[o->o    b : ""[o->o ""
[<->     b : ""[<->  ""
[o<->o   b : ""[o<->o""
[x<->x   b : ""[x<->x""
[->>o    b : ""[->>o ""
[-\o     b : ""[-\o  ""
[-\\o    b : ""[-\\\\o""
[-/o     b : ""[-/o  ""
[-//o    b : ""[-//o ""
[x->o    b : ""[x->o ""
@enduml

Outgoing messages (with ']')

@startuml
participant Alice as a
participant Bob   as b
a ->]      : ""->]   ""
a ->>]     : ""->>]  ""
a -\]      : ""-\]   ""
a -\\]     : ""-\\\\]""
a -/]      : ""-/]   ""
a -//]     : ""-//]  ""
a ->x]     : ""->x]  ""
a x->]     : ""x->]  ""
a o->]     : ""o->]  ""
a ->o]     : ""->o]  ""
a o->o]    : ""o->o] ""
a <->]     : ""<->]  ""
a o<->o]   : ""o<->o]""
a x<->x]   : ""x<->x]""
a ->>o]    : ""->>o] ""
a -\o]     : ""-\o]  ""
a -\\o]    : ""-\\\\o]""
a -/o]     : ""-/o]  ""
a -//o]    : ""-//o] ""
a x->o]    : ""x->o] ""
@enduml

Short incoming and outgoing messages (with '?')

Short incoming (with '?')

@startuml
participant Alice as a
participant Bob   as b
a ->     b : //Long long label//
?->      b : ""?->   ""
?->>     b : ""?->>  ""
?-\      b : ""?-\   ""
?-\\     b : ""?-\\\\""
?-/      b : ""?-/   ""
?-//     b : ""?-//  ""
?->x     b : ""?->x  ""
?x->     b : ""?x->  ""
?o->     b : ""?o->  ""
?->o     b : ""?->o  ""
?o->o    b : ""?o->o ""
?<->     b : ""?<->  ""
?o<->o   b : ""?o<->o""
?x<->x   b : ""?x<->x""
?->>o    b : ""?->>o ""
?-\o     b : ""?-\o  ""
?-\\o    b : ""?-\\\\o ""
?-/o     b : ""?-/o  ""
?-//o    b : ""?-//o ""
?x->o    b : ""?x->o ""
@enduml

Short outgoing (with '?')

@startuml
participant Alice as a
participant Bob   as b
a ->     b : //Long long label//
a ->?      : ""->?   ""
a ->>?     : ""->>?  ""
a -\?      : ""-\?   ""
a -\\?     : ""-\\\\?""
a -/?      : ""-/?   ""
a -//?     : ""-//?  ""
a ->x?     : ""->x?  ""
a x->?     : ""x->?  ""
a o->?     : ""o->?  ""
a ->o?     : ""->o?  ""
a o->o?    : ""o->o? ""
a <->?     : ""<->?  ""
a o<->o?   : ""o<->o?""
a x<->x?   : ""x<->x?""
a ->>o?    : ""->>o? ""
a -\o?     : ""-\o?  ""
a -\\o?    : ""-\\\\o?""
a -/o?     : ""-/o?  ""
a -//o?    : ""-//o? ""
a x->o?    : ""x->o? ""
@enduml

Specific SkinParameter

By default

@startuml
Bob -> Alice : hello
Alice -> Bob : ok
@enduml

lifelineStrategy solid

In order to have solid life line in sequence diagrams, you can use:

skinparam lifelineStrategy solid

@startuml
skinparam lifelineStrategy solid
Bob -> Alice : hello
Alice -> Bob : ok
@enduml

[Ref. QA-2794]

style strictuml

To be conform to strict UML (for arrow style: emits triangle rather than sharp arrowheads), you can use:

skinparam style strictuml

@startuml
skinparam style strictuml
Bob -> Alice : hello
Alice -> Bob : ok
@enduml

[Ref. QA-1047]

Hide unlinked participant

By default, all participants are displayed.

@startuml
participant Alice
participant Bob
participant Carol

Alice -> Bob : hello
@enduml

But you can hide unlinked participant.

@startuml
hide unlinked
participant Alice
participant Bob
participant Carol

Alice -> Bob : hello
@enduml

[Ref. QA-4247]

Please report any bugs to plantuml@gmail.com or here.

This website is still in beta testing.